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Max Weber
•1864-1920
•German
•Protestant
•Mother was a
strong Calvinist
•Father was a
German bourgeoisie
politician
Later Life
•1893-Married Marianne Schnitger, who
later became an author and published Weber’s works after his death
•1894-Moved to the University of
Freiburg, appointed professor of Economics
•1896-Moved to the University of
Heidelburg
•1898- Quarreled with his father,
who died two months later, which left Weber more prone to nervousness
and insomnia.
•Reduced his teaching load and spent
months in a sanitarium
•1900-Moved to Italy for two years
Weber’s Ideal Type
•The characteristics of ideal types to
work
–Division of labor
–Rules and representation
–Hierarchy of authority (Military)
–Technical qualifications (merit-base)
–Impersonality (not favoritism and
conflict of interest)
Weber’s Types of Authority
There are three types of authority
1. Traditional
2. Charismatic
3. Rational-legal authority
A. Traditional: patriarchy,
rule over others without questioned, handed down from the past, given legitimacy by
custom, we’ve have always come
this way
B. Charismatic authority: worship, good and bad charisma, given legitimacy by leader’s magical
power-revelation, do it because you want appease me.
C. Rational-legal authority: elected leaders, status allows them to rule, electing
anchor legitimacy, central to rational society, I do
it because you accepted me as your leader.
Weber’s on Bureaucracy
•Bureaucracy is a rational-legal authority.
•Rule of law:
a system of authority/law and elected.
•Bureaucracy depends on: division of powers, representation, and collegiality.
•How law and norm can be established and
who obey it?
•Law can be established by acceptance from all sides with shared values,
intentionally and consistency.
•Who obey? person in authority, subject
to impersonal
order, obey only the law but not
person.
•Nature of rational-legal authority: rule
bound and changed slowly, sphere of competency, otherwise can’t exercise the
law, hierarchy, specialized training in the right responsibility, separation of responsibility, impersonal but bound (attached) to rule.
•Types
of bureaucracy: administrative staff, personally
free, organized in hierarchy of
office, qualifications-contract, meritocracy,
salary based on qualification, contribute to career, avoid multiple jobs and conflict of interest.
•Efficiency
of bureaucracy: performance of capacity and credibility with predictability.
•Bureaucracy
and Capitalism: lies on technical knowledge, domination
to knowledge and competence, formal bureaucratic rule, competency and
merit-based recruitment, technical capacity building, impersonal.
•Collegiality:
stick to profession, consultation, listening to advices,
aided by technical experts, mutual respect, free to express, clear separation
of power but rule base, representation to mandate—mostly by the chief.
Max
Weber’s Theory of Class
a. Very influential
from Karl Marx
b. Marx’s theory of
Class is the property relationship
based on boss and slave (bourgeois/small & proletariat/big)
c. Class is weak in
the beginning and getting intensified
over time.
d. Weber: defined
class as market situation between employer and employee in the modern market economy, not
with status.
e. Weber: class is intensified in the beginning but
eased up overtime, especially in
capitalism.
f. Class is defined
into three characteristics
–Status/prestige/stratification
–Class/income/wealth
–Power
G. In capitalism you don’t need to get
approval from president, but to invest if you want to be rich.
H. Class is under the market chances in
investment, education—getting more incomes.
I. Class interest & class action:
depends on economic interest. You belong to a class because labor situation and
your rational action to the market.
J. Status
group: is a special social esteem, honor, a nobleman’s status depends on education, doctor, lawyer...
K. Status
as honor: life style of individual, way of dress
and behave, level of education, social discourse.
L. Status
as privileges: material goods, special
employment
M. Economic
conditions of status: success in market,
